37 research outputs found
Signature Gr\"obner bases in free algebras over rings
We generalize signature Gr\"obner bases, previously studied in the free
algebra over a field or polynomial rings over a ring, to ideals in the mixed
algebra where is a principal
ideal domain. We give an algorithm for computing them, combining elements from
the theory of commutative and noncommutative (signature) Gr\"obner bases, and
prove its correctness.
Applications include extensions of the free algebra with commutative
variables, e.g., for homogenization purposes or for performing ideal theoretic
operations such as intersections, and computations over as
universal proofs over fields of arbitrary characteristic.
By extending the signature cover criterion to our setting, our algorithm also
lifts some technical restrictions from previous noncommutative signature-based
algorithms, now allowing, e.g., elimination orderings. We provide a prototype
implementation for the case when is a field, and show that our algorithm
for the mixed algebra is more efficient than classical approaches using
existing algorithms.Comment: 10 page
On the complexity of computing Gr\"obner bases for weighted homogeneous systems
Solving polynomial systems arising from applications is frequently made
easier by the structure of the systems. Weighted homogeneity (or
quasi-homogeneity) is one example of such a structure: given a system of
weights , -homogeneous polynomials are polynomials
which are homogeneous w.r.t the weighted degree
. Gr\"obner bases for weighted homogeneous systems can be
computed by adapting existing algorithms for homogeneous systems to the
weighted homogeneous case. We show that in this case, the complexity estimate
for Algorithm~\F5 \left(\binom{n+\dmax-1}{\dmax}^{\omega}\right) can be
divided by a factor . For zero-dimensional
systems, the complexity of Algorithm~\FGLM (where is the
number of solutions of the system) can be divided by the same factor
. Under genericity assumptions, for
zero-dimensional weighted homogeneous systems of -degree
, these complexity estimates are polynomial in the
weighted B\'ezout bound .
Furthermore, the maximum degree reached in a run of Algorithm \F5 is bounded by
the weighted Macaulay bound , and this bound is
sharp if we can order the weights so that . For overdetermined
semi-regular systems, estimates from the homogeneous case can be adapted to the
weighted case. We provide some experimental results based on systems arising
from a cryptography problem and from polynomial inversion problems. They show
that taking advantage of the weighted homogeneous structure yields substantial
speed-ups, and allows us to solve systems which were otherwise out of reach
Determinantal sets, singularities and application to optimal control in medical imagery
Control theory has recently been involved in the field of nuclear magnetic
resonance imagery. The goal is to control the magnetic field optimally in order
to improve the contrast between two biological matters on the pictures.
Geometric optimal control leads us here to analyze mero-morphic vector fields
depending upon physical parameters , and having their singularities defined by
a deter-minantal variety. The involved matrix has polynomial entries with
respect to both the state variables and the parameters. Taking into account the
physical constraints of the problem, one needs to classify, with respect to the
parameters, the number of real singularities lying in some prescribed
semi-algebraic set. We develop a dedicated algorithm for real root
classification of the singularities of the rank defects of a polynomial matrix,
cut with a given semi-algebraic set. The algorithm works under some genericity
assumptions which are easy to check. These assumptions are not so restrictive
and are satisfied in the aforementioned application. As more general strategies
for real root classification do, our algorithm needs to compute the critical
loci of some maps, intersections with the boundary of the semi-algebraic
domain, etc. In order to compute these objects, the determinantal structure is
exploited through a stratifi-cation by the rank of the polynomial matrix. This
speeds up the computations by a factor 100. Furthermore, our implementation is
able to solve the application in medical imagery, which was out of reach of
more general algorithms for real root classification. For instance,
computational results show that the contrast problem where one of the matters
is water is partitioned into three distinct classes
Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress
In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ââGreenâ Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instrumentsâ development and satellite missionsâ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion